STUDY MATERIALS

Pair of linear equations in two variables and graphical method of their solution, consistency/inconsistency. Algebraic conditions for number of solutions. Solution of a pair of linear equations in two variables algebraically - by substitution, by elimination. Simple situational problems. Simple problems on equations reducible to linear equations

Standard form of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a ? 0). Solutions of quadratic equations (only real roots) by factorization, and by using quadratic formula. Relationship between discriminant and nature of roots

Deforestation and Its Causes Consequences of Deforestation Conservation of Forest and Wildlife Biosphere Reserve Flora and Fauna Endemic Species Wildlife Sanctuary National Park Red Data Book Migration Recycling of Paper Reforestation

Lightning Charging by Rubbing Types of Charges and Their Interaction Transfer of Charge The Story of Lightning Lightning Safety Earthquakes

Heredity; Mendel’s contribution- Laws for inheritance of traits: Sex determination: brief introduction; Basic concepts of evolution. Theme: Natural Phenomena (23 Periods

Eco-system, Environmental problems, Ozone depletion, waste production and their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances

Cell as a basic unit of life; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, multicellular organisms; cell membrane and cell wall, cell organelles; chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus; nucleus, chromosomes - basic structure, number.

Different forms of energy, conventional and non-conventional sources of energy: Fossil fuels, solar energy; biogas; wind, water and tidal energy; Nuclear energy. Renewable versus non-renewable sources of Energy.

The Moon The Stars Constellations The Solar System Some Other Members of the Solar System

Sound is Produced by Vibrating Bodies Sound Produced by Humans Sounds Needs a Medium for Propagation We Hear Sound through Our Ears Aptitude, Time Period and Frequency of a vibration Audible and Inaudible Sounds Noise and Music Noise Pollution

Through examples, arrive at definitions of circle related concepts, radius, circumference, diameter, chord, arc, secant, sector, segment subtended angle (Prove) Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the center and (motivate) its converse (Motivate) The perpendicular from the center of a circle to a chord bisects the chord and conversely, the line drawn through the center of a circle to bisect a chord is perpendicular to the chord (Motivate) There is one and only one circle passing through three given non-collinear points (Motivate) Equal chords of a circle (or of congruent circles) are equidistant from the center (or their respective centers) and conversely (Prove) The angle subtended by an arc at the center is double the angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of the circle (Motivate) Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal (Motivate) If a line segment joining two points subtends equal angle at two other points lying on the same side of the line containing the segment, the four points lie on a circle. (Motivate) The sum of either of the pair of the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral is 180o and its converse.

Euclid’s division lemma, Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic - statements after reviewing work done earlier and after illustrating and motivating through examples, Proofs of irrationality of 2, 3, 5 Decimal representation of rational numbers in terms of terminating/non-terminating recurring decimals.

‘Living Being’. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plants and animals.

Force: A push or a Pull Forces are due to an Interaction Exploring Forces A Force can Change the State of Motion Force can Change the Shape of an object Contact Forces Non-contact Forces Pressure Pressure Exerted by Liquids and Gases Atmospheric Pressure

Classical definition of probability. Simple problems on finding the probability of an event.